Pumped storage plants can operate with seawater, although there are additional challenges compared to using fresh water, such as saltwater corrosion and barnacle growth. Inaugurated in 1966, the 240 MW in France can partially work as a pumped-storage station. When high tides occur at off-peak hours, the turbines can be used to pump more seawater into the reservoir than the high tide would have naturally brought in. It is the only large-scale power plant of its kind.
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[pdf] The round-trip efficiency of PSH varies between 70% and 80%. Although the losses of the pumping process make the plant a net consumer of energy overall, the system increases revenue by selling more electricity during periods of peak demand, when electricity prices are highest.
[pdf] Guangdong Yunfu 50 MW/100M Wh Independent Energy Storage Power Station Project bid price of 0.85 yuan/Wh, won by Zhuhai Kangjin Electric and Baiyuan Construction Consortium, and is planned to be connected to the grid by the end of 2025.
[pdf] The Nan'an Pumped Storage Project is located in Dongtian Town, Nan'an City. The power station has an installed capacity of 1.2 million kilowatts (4 × 300,000 kilowatts) and is a daily regulation pumped storage power station with a rated head of 419 meters and a distance-to-height ratio of 4.08.
[pdf] Pumped storage power plants are a type of hydroelectric power plant; they are classified as a form of renewable (green) power generation. Pumped storage plants convert potential energy to electrical energy, or, electrical energy to potential energy.
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